The study of optical properties of biological tissues

The study of biological tissue is a developing promising domain, primarily in optical medical technologies and food control. Biological tissues are supposed to be accidental non-homogenous and anisotropic media. Most of them are highly scattering. It comes from tissue inhomogeneities, such as cell organelles, extracellular matrix, blood vessels, etc. They cause multiple scattering which may change the direction of light propagation, polarization and phase of light. Optical methods are very promising due to their quickness, nontoxicity, noninvasiveness. The optical system consists of a linearly polarized laser diode (= 635 nm) that illuminates a sample, an analyzer and a photosensor. For measurement in back-scattered light a sample is have to be fixed on a mirror. This work deals with measurement and analysis of the optical parameters of tissue (meat samples of 1-2 mm width), such as state of polarization, optical scattering characteristics, phase, intensity.