Improved Phase Reconstruction by Iterative Solution of the Transport of Intensity Equation

Since detectors record only the intensity distribution, a complete determination of the wave field is only possible by using additional methods for reconstructing the phase. These include interferometric or holographic methods, consistency methods like iterative phase retrieval and the transport of intensity equation (TIE). The usual methods for reconstruction utilize a paraxial approximation of the TIE. In this approach, we use the non-paraxial Angular Spectrum propagation and we successively add the terms of the unapproximated TIE to achieve a consistent amplitude and phase distribution.