Optimizing Spatial Light Modulators: Full Characterization of Liquid Crystal on Silicon Devices

With increasing demand for greater degrees of freedom in optics, spatial light modulators (SLM) are ever more vital in sophisticated light shaping applications. The ability to control phase, amplitude, or even polarization in the spatial domain is unique to liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) devices. Understanding their characteristics and behavior in different use cases is crucial for optimal performance. In this work, we are going to talk about the inherent aberrations like backplane curvature and liquid crystal layer thickness variation, as well as impactful external parameters like light source properties and temperature. We will showcase the Twyman-Green interferometer as a very potent, spatially resolved, phase measurement tool. As a conclusion, we will discuss the implications for phase correction via a multi-level model.